Относно регулирането на водните ресурси в България и повишаване на неговата ефективност

Зяпков, Л. Относно регулирането на водните ресурси в България и повишаване на неговата ефективност

Ziapkov, L. On the problem of water resources regulation in Bulgaria and the increase of its effectiveness

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ON THE PROBLEMS OF WATER RESOURCES REGULATION IN BULGARIA AND THE INCREASE OF ITS EFFECTIVENESS

Luka Ziapkov

Summary

The river regulation in Bulgaria is a decisive prerequisite for complex and rational usage of water resources. The already build up 2000 large and small dams have maximum capacity of about 7.0 billion cubic metres, which makes approximately 37 per cent of the average annual river flow of the country. Most of the big reservoirs are used completely (for power production, irrigation and water supply), while the micro-reservoirs - exceptionally for irrigation or water or supply. The dams according to their size exercise a many-sided influence on the landscape conditions of the river banks and especially on the hydrological conditions of the river currents. The water control diminishes the spring highwater amount (from 11 up to 36 per cent of the run-off volume before the regulation) and increases the summer low water amount (from 3.6 up to 56 per cent of the summer run-off before the regulation). The heavy drains for evaporation from the dams water surface have the most adverse repercussions on local water circulation and water reserves but their influence is less than that of the dam embankments. The average annual drains for evaporation from the large dams account for 3-6 per cent up to 16-18 per cent from the average annual built up water masses behind the dams. The further effectiveness increase of the regulated water masses calls for solving of some complicated problems such as: a detailed analysis of dam water balance, consumption optimization, raising of the water accumulating abilities, improvement of the regulated water qualities and others.

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